Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout abrogated OVX-induced central obesity in mice. (A) Body weight profile of mice following OVX or the combination of OVX plus liver-specific FGF21 knockout. (B) The serum FGF21 concentrations in mice at decapitation. (C) Representative figures of mice indicating visceral adipose deposition at decapitation. (D) The average visceral fat weight of mice from each group. (E) Representative H&E staining of visceral adipose tissues of mice at decapitation. In figure A: * denotes p < 0.05 (OVX versus Sham/OVX+FGF21 LKO); in figure B and D: ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001, NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out, Staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 2. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout failed to rescue OVX-induced dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis in mice. (A) Serum concentration of triglyceride (TG). (B) Serum concentration of free fat acid (FFA). (C) Liver weight. (D) Liver TG content. (E) The representative H&E staining of liver tissues from each group. Arrows indicate lipid droplets. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out, Concentration Assay, Staining

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 3. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout exacerbated OVX-induced glucose metabolic abnormalities in mice. (A) Glucose tolerance test (GTT). (B) The area under the curve of GTT. (C) Insulin tolerance test (ITT). (D) The area under the curve of ITT. (E) Pyruvate tolerance test (PTT). (F) The area under the curve of PTT. Note figure (A,C,E): * OVX+FGF21 LKO versus Sham (p < 0.05), φ OVX+FGF21 LKO versus OVX (p < 0.05), # OVX versus Sham (p < 0.05); figure (B,D,F): * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. Transcriptomic profiling revealing Hsd11b1 plays a central role in mediating FGF21 LKO on abrogating OVX-induced central obesity in mice. (A) Venn diagram of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among groups. (B) The number of DEGs between pairwise groups. (C) The recovered DEGs (rDEGs) in OVX mice following FGF21 LKO. rDEGs are genes whose expression in OVX was significantly different from the sham controls but recovered back to the sham levels after FGF21 LKO. (D) The heat map of rDEGs involved in lipid metabolism process (GO:0006629). Red lines indicate DEGs between OVX+FGF21 LKO versus OVX. (E) Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed FGF21 LKO reduced adipogenesis in OVX mice, and leading-edge gene analysis highlighted that Hsd11b1 plays a major role in mediating FGF21 LKO on preventing adipogenesis in OVX mice.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Expressing

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. FGF21 LKO reversed circulating high corticosterone but not high FSH in OVX mice. (A) Serum concentration of FSH. (B) Serum concentration of corticosterone. (C) Effects of transient recombinant FGF21 replacement on serum concentration of corticosterone in OVX+FGF21 LKO mice. (D) Effects of transient recombinant FGF21 replacement on visceral adipose Hsd11b1 expression in OVX+FGF21 LKO mice. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; NS p > 0.05.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Recombinant, Expressing

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. FGF21 LKO reduced serum insulin levels in OVX mice. (A) Serum concentration of insulin; (B) Gene set enrichment analysis indicated FGF21 LKO reduced SREBF-mediated lipogenesis. (C) Gene set enrichment analysis indicated FGF21 LKO even reduced insulin signaling in OVX mice compared to the sham controls. *** p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Concentration Assay

Journal: International journal of molecular sciences

Article Title: Hepatic-Specific FGF21 Knockout Abrogates Ovariectomy-Induced Obesity by Reversing Corticosterone Production.

doi: 10.3390/ijms241914922

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. The potential mechanism and key genes by which FGF21 LKO abrogated OVX-induced central obesity in mice. (A) The potential mechanism by which FGF21 LKO abrogated OVX-induced central obesity in mice. Liver-specific FGF21 knockout reduced both GC and insulin production, which in turn decreased adipogenesis and lipogenesis in visceral adipose tissues. (B) The potential key genes mediating FGF21 LKO on abrogating OVX-induced central obesity in mice.

Article Snippet: Four weeks after surgery procedures (i.e., at 10 week of age), a subgroup of OVX+FGF21 LKO mice were injected via tail vein with recombinant mouse FGF21 (RD272108100, BioVendor, Prague, Czech Republic) at a dose of 1 mg/kg body weight at 0800 AM, according to our previous descriptions [29].

Techniques: Knock-Out

Journal: Pharmacognosy Magazine

Article Title: Fucoidan Attenuated Kidney and Bone Damage Caused by CKD-MBD in Mice by Upregulating Klotho

doi: 10.1177/09731296231172549

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. Fucoidan Treatment Reversed the Changes of Serum Biochemical Indexes Caused by the Modeling. A–D, the Levels of BUN, Creatinine, ALP, and Pi in the Serum of Mice in the Five Groups were Detected by an Automatic Biochemical Analyzer. E–G, the Levels of iPTH, FGF23, and 1,25 (OH)2D3 in the Serum of Mice in the Five Groups Were Determined by ELISA. H, the Relative BMD of Mice in the Five Groups Was Measured by X-Ray Densitometers.

Article Snippet: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) The contents of intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH), fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3, DHVD3) in the serum were measured by the Mouse iPTH ELISA Kit (E-EL-M0709, Elabscience, China), Mouse FGF23 ELISA Kit (E-EL-M2415C, Elabscience, China), and Mouse DHVD3 ELISA Kit (E-EL-0016C, Elabscience, China), respectively.

Techniques: Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging

doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01853-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-protein diet late in life prevents age-related and obesity-related metabolic decline. A Graphical methodology: C57BL/6 (WT) male mice were placed on CON, LP, HFCON, and HFLP at 16 months of age (8–12 mice/group), various metabolic endpoints on BW and glucose homeostasis throughout the feeding phase of the study as indicated, and tissue collection at 22 m of age. B Body weight gain over time from initiation of diet. C Terminal body weight gain at 22 months of age. D Fat gain at 22 months of age. E Lean gain at 22 months of age. F Fasting blood glucose at 21 months of age. G Glucose tolerance test conducted at 21 months of age ( n = 9 mice/diet). H Area under the curve glucose for the GTT. I Serum FGF21 levels at 22 months of age. J Serum adiponectin levels at 22 months of age. Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA. All values are mean ± SEM, with significant main effects of protein or post hoc comparison within the fat*protein interaction

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of FGF21 (no. RD291108200R, Mouse and Rat FGF-21 ELISA, BioVendor) and adiponectin (#EZMADP-60 K, Mouse Adiponectin EMD Millipore Corporation) were determined via ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: Comparison

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging

doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01853-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-protein diet induces FGF21-dependent transcriptional signatures on improved thermogenesis and reduced markers on cell senescence in white adipose tissue. Inguinal WAT and epididymal WAT, from a previous study, were used to perform bulk RNA-seq from C57BL/6 (WT) and Fgf21 KO mice fed either normal-protein control (CON) and low-protein (LP) diet at 3 months of age until 22 months of age. A Graphical methodology: subcutaneous (iWAT), visceral (gWAT), and brown (BAT) adipose tissue from a previous study of C57BL/6 (WT) and Fgf 21 KO mice fed either normal-protein (CON) or low-protein (LP) at 3 months of age until 22 months of age. B–D Inguinal WAT. B PGSEA: Parametric Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for GO: Biological Processes. C Heatmap of top DEGs in CON and LP fed WT mice. D Heatmap of top DEGs in LP-fed WT mice and Fgf21 KO mice. E–G Epididymal WAT. E PGSEA: Parametric Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for GO: Biological Processes. F Heatmap of top DEGs in CON and LP fed WT mice. G Heatmap of top DEGs in LP-fed WT mice and Fgf21 KO mice. Heatmaps are listed by FDR < 0.05, and color key shows logFC 2 heatmaps. Teal blue represents downregulated, and lavender represents upregulated enriched genes within the comparison groups

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of FGF21 (no. RD291108200R, Mouse and Rat FGF-21 ELISA, BioVendor) and adiponectin (#EZMADP-60 K, Mouse Adiponectin EMD Millipore Corporation) were determined via ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Control, Comparison

Journal: GeroScience

Article Title: Low protein-induced-FGF-21 signaling remodels adipose tissue on reduced markers of senescence during aging

doi: 10.1007/s11357-025-01853-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: Low-protein diet induces fgf21-dependent transcriptional signatures on improved vascular-related remodeling in brown adipose tissue. BAT from a previous study was used to perform bulk RNA-seq from C57BL/6 (WT) and Fgf21 KO mice fed either normal-protein control (CON) and low-protein (LP) diet at 3 months of age until 22 months of age. A PGSEA: Parametric Gene Set Enrichment Analysis for GO: Biological Processes. B Heatmap of top DEGs in CON and LP fed WT mice. C Heatmap of top DEGs in LP fed WT mice and Fgf21 KO mice. Heatmaps are listed by FDR < 0.05, and color key shows logFC 2 heatmaps. Teal blue represents downregulated, and lavender represents upregulated enriched genes within the comparison groups

Article Snippet: Serum concentrations of FGF21 (no. RD291108200R, Mouse and Rat FGF-21 ELISA, BioVendor) and adiponectin (#EZMADP-60 K, Mouse Adiponectin EMD Millipore Corporation) were determined via ELISA according to the manufacturer’s recommended protocol.

Techniques: RNA Sequencing, Control, Comparison

Journal: Molecular medicine reports

Article Title: Reparative effects of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia pre‑treatment on intervertebral disc degeneration in rats.

doi: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12689

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 7. Effect of CIHH on the expression of bFGF protein in degeneration disc tissue. (A) Western blotting of bFGF protein at 1, 2, 4 and 8 weeks. (B) Western blotting data distribution of bFGF proteins at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks. (C) bFGF protein expression levels at 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks in three groups. (D) Expression trend of bFGF protein. n=16 for each group; n=4 for each time point. *P<0.05 vs. CON group; #P<0.05 vs. IDD group. bFGF, basic fibroblast growth factor; CIHH, chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia; IDD, intervertebral disc degeneration disease group; CON, control.

Article Snippet: The Haematoxylin‐eosin/He Staining kit, Modified Safranine O‐Fast Green FCF Cartilage Stain kit, and Masson's Trichrome Stain kit were purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology Co., Ltd. Rat bFGF ELISA kit (cat. no. E‐EL‐R0091c), Rat HIF‐1α eliSa kit (E‐EL‐R0513c) and TGF‐β1 ELISA kit (E‐EL‐0162c) were purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc. For the western blotting experiments, collagen I(WL0088), collagen II(WL03082) and TGF‐β1 (Wl02193) antibodies were purchased from Wanleibio co., ltd., and the bFGF (E‐AB‐15525) antibody was purchased from Elabscience Biotechnology, Inc.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyruvate upregulated FGF21 expression and secretion in HepG2 cells. ( A ): pyruvate dose-dependently stimulated FGF21 gene expression after 12 h treatment in HepG2 cells (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3). ( B ): FGF21 protein levels in cell medium significantly increased after pyruvate treatment (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 10). ( C ): The cell viability was not influenced by pyruvate treatment, as shown by MTT assay ( n = 10). ( D ): D-LDH levels in cell medium were not changed by pyruvate treatment ( n = 10).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Gene Expression, Control, MTT Assay

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: cAMP reduction caused pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. ( A ): The activation of PPAR-α and AMPK was not involved in pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3). ( B ): AC activator forskolin, PDE inhibitor IBMX and 8-Bromo-cAMP administration significantly inhibited FGF21 expression and suppressed pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. pyruvate group, n = 3). ( C ): Forskolin, IBMX and 8-Bromo-cAMP inhibited pyruvate-stimulated increase in FGF21 protein levels in cell medium (* p < 0.05 vs. control, # p < 0.05 vs. pyruvate group, n = 10). ( D ): Pyruvate decreased intracellular cAMP levels in HepG2 cells (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 12).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Activation Assay, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Epac and CREB were involved in pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression in HepG2 cells. ( A ): Epac inhibitor ESI-09 but not PKA inhibitor H89 upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated the stimulatory effect of pyruvate on FGF21 expression (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3) ( B ): CREB inhibitor 666-15 upregulated FGF21 expression and eliminated the stimulatory effect of pyruvate on FGF21 expression (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3). ( C , D ): Pyruvate reduced CREB phosphorylation without influencing the total CREB protein levels (** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 3).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Phospho-proteomics

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyruvate upregulated FGF21 expression and secretion in mouse hepatic AML-12 cells. ( A , B ): Pyruvate stimulated FGF21 expression and secretion in AML-12 cells (* p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 vs. control, n = 6). ( C ): Pyruvate decreased intracellular cAMP levels in AML12 cells (* p < 0.05, n = 5). ( D ): Pyruvate increased PDE activities in AML-12 cells (* p < 0.05, n = 5).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: Pyruvate upregulated FGF21 expression in mice in vivo. ( A ): Intraperitoneal injection of pyruvate significantly increased serum pyruvate levels in C57BL/6J mice compared with the control (** p < 0.01, n = 10). ( B ): The pyruvate-treated mice had significantly higher FGF21 gene expression in liver than the control (** p < 0.01, n = 10). ( C ): Serum FGF21 levels were not changed by pyruvate treatment in mice compared with the control ( n = 10). ( D ): cAMP levels in mouse liver were significantly decreased by pyruvate treatment in mice (* p < 0.05, n = 10). ( E ): PDE activity in mouse liver was significantly activated by pyruvate injection in mice (* p < 0.05, n = 10). ( F ): CREB phosphorylation was inhibited in liver after pyruvate injection compared with the control. ( G , H ): ALT and AST activities in mouse serum were not significantly different between pyruvate-treated group and the control group. ( I ): H&E staining showed that the liver tissues had normal morphology in mice of pyruvate-treated group without obvious difference to the control (bar is 20 μm).

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing, In Vivo, Injection, Control, Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Phospho-proteomics, Staining

Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: Pyruvate Upregulates Hepatic FGF21 Expression by Activating PDE and Inhibiting cAMP–Epac–CREB Signaling Pathway

doi: 10.3390/ijms23105490

Figure Lengend Snippet: The diagram of pyruvate-stimulated FGF21 expression in hepatocytes. cAMP–Epac–CREB signaling inhibits FGF21 expression in human and mouse hepatocytes. Pyruvate activates PDEs to reduce cAMP levels and then inhibits cAMP–Epac–CREB signaling to upregulate FGF21 expression in hepatocytes.

Article Snippet: Human and mouse FGF21 ELISA kits, cAMP assay kits, the ALT activity assay kit, the AST activity assay kit and the LDH assay kit were obtained from Elabscience (Wuhan, China).

Techniques: Expressing